據(jù)油價(jià)網(wǎng)5月27日消息，美國(guó)煉油廠的開(kāi)工率創(chuàng)下自疫情暴發(fā)前以來(lái)的最高水平，但預(yù)計(jì)短期內(nèi)不會(huì)通過(guò)大規(guī)模擴(kuò)產(chǎn)來(lái)緩解緊張的燃料市場(chǎng)。

一些美國(guó)最大的煉油廠正在努力擴(kuò)大現(xiàn)有大型設(shè)施的原油加工能力，但這些增加并不能完全抵消美國(guó)煉油廠的加工能力。美國(guó)煉油廠的加工產(chǎn)能自疫情發(fā)生之后一直關(guān)閉。 

埃克森美孚、瓦萊羅和馬拉松石油公司目前正在對(duì)三個(gè)大型煉油廠進(jìn)行擴(kuò)建，這將為美國(guó)每天新增35萬(wàn)桶的原油蒸餾能力。

產(chǎn)能擴(kuò)大的煉油廠包括埃克森美孚在博蒙特的煉油廠、瓦萊羅的亞瑟港煉油廠和馬拉松石油公司的加爾維斯頓灣煉油廠，均位于得克薩斯州。

然而，自疫情開(kāi)始以來(lái)，美國(guó)每天約有100萬(wàn)桶的煉油廠產(chǎn)能被永久關(guān)閉，因?yàn)闊捰蛷S要么關(guān)閉虧損的設(shè)施，要么將其中一些設(shè)施改造成生物燃料生產(chǎn)基地。

根據(jù)EIA數(shù)據(jù)，美國(guó)2021年可運(yùn)營(yíng)煉油廠產(chǎn)能略高于1800萬(wàn)桶/ 日，為2015年以來(lái)的最低水平。

美國(guó)煉油廠無(wú)法滿足需求。并不是說(shuō)需求飆升了這么多。這是全球和美國(guó)的供應(yīng)能力，現(xiàn)在比疫情前每天減少幾百萬(wàn)桶。

在短期內(nèi)，煉油廠正在提高產(chǎn)能利用率，目前產(chǎn)能利用率為2019年底以來(lái)的最高水平。例如，馬拉松石油公司預(yù)計(jì)第二季度的總吞吐量約為290萬(wàn)桶/日，即95%的利用率。

馬拉松石油公司全球清潔產(chǎn)品價(jià)值鏈高級(jí)副總裁Brian Partee在本月初的第一季度財(cái)報(bào)電話會(huì)議上表示：“我認(rèn)為，由于供應(yīng)鏈中斷、勞動(dòng)力中斷和疫情期間的經(jīng)濟(jì)中斷，新增煉油產(chǎn)能進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)的不確定性會(huì)更大。”

祝精燕 摘譯自 油價(jià)網(wǎng)

原文如下：

U.S. Refiners Set To Add Just 350,000 Bpd Capacity By End-2023

U.S. refiners are operating at the highest operating rate since before the pandemic, but they are not expected to bring relief to the tight fuel market through major capacity expansions in the short term.

Some of the biggest refiners are working on expanding the crude oil processing capacity at large existing facilities, but those additions will not fully offset the U.S. refinery processing capacity, which closed during and right after COVID. 

ExxonMobil, Valero, and Marathon Petroleum are currently working on the expansion at three large refineries, which will bring a combined 350,000 barrels per day (bpd) additional crude distillation capacity in the United States.

The refineries that will see their capacity expanded are Exxon's facility in Beaumont, Valero's Port Arthur refinery, and Marathon Petroleum's Galveston Bay refinery, all in Texas.

However, some 1 million bpd of refinery capacity in America has been shut permanently since the start of the pandemic, as refiners have opted to either close losing facilities or convert some of them into biofuel production sites.

In the United States, operable refinery capacity was at just over 18 million bpd in 2021, the lowest since 2015, per EIA data.

U.S. refineries cannot catch up with demand. Not that demand has soared so much. It's the capacity for supply, globally and in the U.S, that is now a few million barrels per day lower than it was before the pandemic.

In the short term, refiners are boosting utilization capacity, which is now at its highest since the end of 2019. Marathon Petroleum, for example, expects total throughput volumes of roughly 2.9 million bpd in the second quarter, which would be a 95% utilization rate.

"I think with supply chain disruptions, labor disruptions, the disruption economically during COVID, there's a little bit more uncertainty on new addition, refining capacity coming into the marketplace," Brian Partee, Senior Vice President, Global Clean Products Value Chain, at Marathon Petroleum, said on the Q1 earnings call early this month.