據(jù)海事新聞5月11日消息稱(chēng)，氫被認(rèn)為是未來(lái)不可避免的綠色燃料。

　　在數(shù)十年來(lái)商船面臨的最大技術(shù)挑戰(zhàn)中，各公司正開(kāi)始開(kāi)發(fā)能向重工業(yè)輸送氫的新一代船舶，押注世界各地的工廠將轉(zhuǎn)向這種燃料，推動(dòng)向低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)的轉(zhuǎn)型。

　　相關(guān)公司對(duì)路透表示，至少有三個(gè)項(xiàng)目正在開(kāi)發(fā)試驗(yàn)船，準(zhǔn)備在未來(lái)三年內(nèi)在歐洲和亞洲進(jìn)行燃料運(yùn)輸測(cè)試。

　　主要的挑戰(zhàn)是將氫氣保持在零下253攝氏度(絕對(duì)零度以上20攝氏度，這是可能的最冷溫度)，這樣它就能保持液態(tài)，同時(shí)避免容器部分可能破裂的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

　　這比運(yùn)輸液化天然氣所需的溫度低將近100攝氏度，而大約60年前，液化天然氣的運(yùn)輸需要一場(chǎng)革命。

　　日本川崎重工已經(jīng)建造了世界上第一艘運(yùn)輸氫氣的船Suiso Frontier。該公司告訴路透社，這艘原型船正在進(jìn)行海上試驗(yàn)，預(yù)計(jì)未來(lái)幾個(gè)月將從澳大利亞到日本進(jìn)行約9000公里的示范首航。

　　川崎重工副總裁Motohiko Nishimura說(shuō)：“該項(xiàng)目的下一個(gè)階段已經(jīng)開(kāi)始運(yùn)行，即在本世紀(jì)20年代中期建造一艘商業(yè)規(guī)模的氫運(yùn)輸船，目標(biāo)是在2030年商業(yè)化?！?/p>

　　這個(gè)1250立方米的儲(chǔ)氫罐是雙殼真空隔熱的，以幫助保持溫度。

　　Nishimura說(shuō)，川崎重工的原型船長(zhǎng)116米，總重8000噸，將在首航時(shí)使用柴油，但該公司的目標(biāo)是使用氫氣為未來(lái)的大型商業(yè)船提供動(dòng)力。

　　曹海斌 摘譯自 海事新聞

　　原文如下：

　　The Race is On to Pioneer Hydrogen Shipping

　　Hydrogen is touted as an inevitable green fuel of the future.

　　In the biggest technological challenge for merchant shipping in decades, companies are beginning to develop a new generation of vessels that can deliver hydrogen to heavy industry, betting plants worldwide will convert to the fuel and propel the transition to a lower-carbon economy.

　　There are at least three projects developing pilot ships that will be ready to test transporting the fuel in Europe and Asia within the next three years, the companies involved told Reuters.

　　The major challenge is to keep the hydrogen chilled at minus 253 degrees Celsius—only 20 degrees above absolute zero, the coldest possible temperature—so it stays in liquid form, while avoiding the risk that parts of a vessel could crack.

　　That's almost 100 degrees Celsius colder than temperatures needed to transport liquefied natural gas (LNG), which required its own shipping revolution about 60 years ago.

　　Japan's Kawasaki Heavy Industries has already built the world's first ship to transport hydrogen, Suiso Frontier. It told Reuters the prototype vessel was undergoing sea trials, with a demonstration maiden voyage of some 9,000 km from Australia to Japan expected in coming months.

　　"There is the next phase of the project already running to build a commercial-scale hydrogen carrier by the mid-2020s, with an aim to go commercial in 2030," said Motohiko Nishimura, Kawasaki's vice executive officer.

　　The 1,250-cubic-meter tank to hold the hydrogen is double-shelled and vacuum-insulated to help maintain the temperature.

　　Kawasaki's prototype, a relatively modest 116 meters long and 8,000 gross tonnes, will run on diesel on its maiden voyage but the company aims to use hydrogen to power future, larger commercial vessels, Nishimura said.