據(jù)世界天然氣6月3日?qǐng)?bào)道，國(guó)際天然氣聯(lián)盟（IGU）在其6月3日發(fā)布的《2021年世界液化天然氣報(bào)告》中估計(jì)，全球約有89240萬(wàn)噸/年的液化產(chǎn)能有待最終投資決定。據(jù)天然氣行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)估計(jì)，另有1.373億噸/年的天然氣正在建設(shè)中或已獲批開(kāi)發(fā)，其中，美國(guó)的液化天然氣項(xiàng)目占39.4%，即3.516億噸/年；加拿大占25.5%，即2.779億噸/年；澳大利亞和俄羅斯分別為5.6%和4.9%。

　　然而，IGU指出，大部分未得到最終投資決定的項(xiàng)目可能不會(huì)取得進(jìn)展。考慮到2020年疲軟的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)，開(kāi)發(fā)商已經(jīng)放棄了資本密集型的液化天然氣項(xiàng)目，這使小型液化天然氣項(xiàng)目成為人們關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)，因?yàn)樵诟鼜V泛的液化天然氣行業(yè)中，這仍是一個(gè)不斷增長(zhǎng)的領(lǐng)域，具有巨大的潛力。

　　IGU解釋稱(chēng):“美國(guó)擬建項(xiàng)目的大部分產(chǎn)能，主要是受過(guò)去幾年美國(guó)頁(yè)巖氣產(chǎn)量增長(zhǎng)的推動(dòng)。雖然大多數(shù)正在運(yùn)營(yíng)的美國(guó)液化天然氣項(xiàng)目都是棕地改造項(xiàng)目，但目前擬議的美國(guó)液化天然氣項(xiàng)目主要是綠地項(xiàng)目，包括多個(gè)中小規(guī)模的液化天然氣生產(chǎn)線(xiàn)，將分階段交付。”

　　加拿大的大部分產(chǎn)能(1.793億噸/年)位于不列顛哥倫比亞省的太平洋西海岸，比美國(guó)墨西哥灣海岸的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手更接近亞洲市場(chǎng)，這意味著更低的運(yùn)輸成本。

　　IGU表示:“這是加拿大西海岸擬議的液化天然氣出口項(xiàng)目數(shù)量增加的關(guān)鍵驅(qū)動(dòng)力，盡管多數(shù)項(xiàng)目仍處于早期開(kāi)發(fā)階段。由于嚴(yán)格的環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，這些液化天然氣出口項(xiàng)目采用了各種策略來(lái)減少碳排放，以符合環(huán)境法規(guī)。”例如，基蒂馬特液化天然氣和Woodfibre液化天然氣項(xiàng)目將由水力發(fā)電提供動(dòng)力，而加拿大液化天然氣項(xiàng)目的第三和第四條生產(chǎn)線(xiàn)將在液化過(guò)程中使用天然氣渦輪機(jī)，以盡量減少燃料使用。

　　王佳晶 摘譯自 世界天然氣

　　原文如下：

　　892MN MT/YR OF GLOBAL LNG CAPACITY AWAITING SANCTION: IGU

　　There is some 892.4mn metric tons/year of liquefaction capacity awaiting final investment decisions (FIDs), the International Gas Union has estimated in its World LNG Report 2021, published June 3. A further 137.3mn mt/yr is either under construction or has been sanctioned for development, the gas industry association estimates.

　　However, the IGU notes that a "large portion of the pre-FID projects are likely not to progress. Given the weak economic landscape in 2020, developers have pushed back on capital-intensive pre-FID liquefaction projects and reinstated their strategies." It adds "this puts small-scale LNG in the spotlight as it remains a growing segment within the wider LNG sector with significant potential."

　　The US accounts for 39.4%, or 351.6mn mt/yr of the pre-FID capacity, while Canada accounts for 25.5%, or 227.9mn mt/yr. A further 5.6% is in Australia and 4.9% in Russia.

　　"The large inventory of proposed US projects is primarily driven by the growth in shale gas output in the US over the past few years," the IGU explains. "While most operational US LNG projects are brownfield conversion projects, the currently proposed US LNG projects are mainly greenfield projects that consist of multiple small-to-mid scale LNG trains delivered in a phased manner."

　　The majority of the capacity in Canada, 179.3mn mt/yr, is on the Pacific west coast of British Columbia, which is closer to Asian markets than rival schemes in the US Gulf Coast, meaning lower shipping costs.

　　"This is a key driver for the increase in the number of of proposed LNG export projects on the Canadian west coast, although most remain in early development stages," the IGU says. "Due to strict environmental standards, these LNG export projects have adapted various strategies to reduce their carbon emissions to comply with environmental regulations."

　　The Kitimat LNG and Woodfibre LNG projects will be powered by hydroelectricity, for example, while the third and fourth trains of LNG Canada will use natural gas turbines for the liquefaction process in order to minimise fuel use.