???? 據(jù)油價(jià)網(wǎng)2021年4月5日巴格達(dá)報(bào)道，官方估計(jì)，伊拉克的常規(guī)天然氣探明儲(chǔ)量總數(shù)至少達(dá)到3.5萬億立方米，或占全球天然氣總儲(chǔ)量的1.5%左右，這個(gè)數(shù)字使伊拉克成為全球第13大天然氣儲(chǔ)量擁有國。

????伊拉克包括伴生天然氣在內(nèi)的四分之三天然氣產(chǎn)量是在與石油相同的儲(chǔ)層中發(fā)現(xiàn)的。然而，國際能源署（IEA）估計(jì)，伊拉克最終可采天然氣資源量將大大增加，達(dá)到8萬億立方米，其中大約30%被認(rèn)為是非伴生天然氣。盡管蘊(yùn)藏著巨大的天然氣資源，但伊拉克多年來在開發(fā)伴生氣和非伴生氣方面幾乎沒有取得實(shí)質(zhì)性進(jìn)展，伊拉克對伴生氣主要放空燒掉，卻忽視開發(fā)非伴生氣。不過，伊拉克近日與法國石油和天然氣巨頭道達(dá)爾公司簽署了一項(xiàng)框架協(xié)議，雙方將在4個(gè)主要項(xiàng)目上合作，其中包括開發(fā)伴生氣項(xiàng)目。

????根據(jù)伊拉克石油部長賈巴爾所說，這項(xiàng)數(shù)十億美元協(xié)議的一部分將涉及在位于伊拉克南部的5個(gè)油田建造生產(chǎn)天然氣的設(shè)施，這5個(gè)油田分別是西古爾納-2油田、馬季努恩油田、拉塔威油田、圖巴油田和魯哈伊斯油田，這5個(gè)油田預(yù)計(jì)將日產(chǎn)至少3億標(biāo)準(zhǔn)立方英尺的天然氣，天然氣日產(chǎn)量在第2階段開發(fā)后將增加一倍。伊拉克和道達(dá)爾公司之間的框架協(xié)議是在1月27日雙方簽署了一項(xiàng)開發(fā)各種大型項(xiàng)目的諒解備忘錄之后簽署的，包括在南部的拉塔威油田、東部的迪亞拉油田和東北部的安巴爾油田進(jìn)行伴生氣開發(fā)。道達(dá)爾公司已經(jīng)在伊拉克各地開展業(yè)務(wù)，它擁有南部米桑省哈爾法亞油田22.5%的股份，以及北部庫爾德地區(qū)薩爾桑勘探區(qū)塊18%的股份。

????這個(gè)框架協(xié)議的另一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素是，道達(dá)爾公司將參與一座1000兆瓦太陽能發(fā)電廠的建設(shè)和運(yùn)營，以及一個(gè)利用重新引導(dǎo)和再處理海水來提高油田壓力以應(yīng)對產(chǎn)量下降的項(xiàng)目。根據(jù)伊拉克石油部門的消息，道達(dá)爾公司將專注于每天處理大約250萬桶海水，并致力于提高拉塔威、朱拜爾、西古爾納-2、馬季努恩和魯邁拉等油田的伴生氣產(chǎn)量。這似乎是道達(dá)爾公司試圖判斷是否要接管整個(gè)通用海水供應(yīng)項(xiàng)目(CSSP)。

????李峻 編譯自 油價(jià)網(wǎng)

????原文如下：

????Iraq Moves To Exploit Its Massive Natural Gas Reserves

????Official estimates are that Iraq’s proven reserves of conventional natural gas amount to at least 3.5 trillion cubic meters (tcm), or about 1.5 percent of the world’s total, placing Iraq 13th among global reserve-holders, with around three-quarters of this figure comprising associated gas that is found in the same reservoirs as oil. The International Energy Agency, though, estimates that ultimately recoverable resources will be considerably larger, at 8.0 tcm, of which around 30 percent is thought to be in the form of non-associated gas. Despite these huge potential gas resources, Iraq has made little substantial progress over the years on developing this potential either for associated or non-associated gas, mainly flaring the former and overlooking the latter. Last week, though, a heads-of-agreement deal was announced with French oil and gas giant, Total, to jointly work on four major projects that include developing the associated gas sector.

????Part of the multi-billion dollar deal, according to Iraq’s Oil Minister, Ihsan Abul Jabbar, will involve the building of a facility to produce natural gas at the five southern Iraq oilfields of West Qurna 2, Majnoon, Ratawi, Tuba, and Luhais, and this is expected to produce at least 300 million standard cubic feet of gas per day (mscf/d) and double that after the second phase of development. The agreement between Iraq and Total follows the signing of a memorandum of understanding on 27 January to develop various large-scale projects, including associated gas developments in Ratawi in the south, Diyala in the east, and Anbar in the northeast. Total already has ongoing experience of working across Iraq, holding a 22.5 percent stake in the Halfaya oil field in Missan province in the south and an 18 percent stake in the Sarsang exploration block in the semi-autonomous region of Kurdistan in the north.

????The other key elements in this heads-of-agreement deal will be Total’s involvement in the construction and operation of a 1,000-megawatt solar energy plant and a project that will utilize redirected and reprocessed seawater to boost the pressure at oil fields to counter declining output yields. In this latter regard, according to Iraq’s Oil Ministry, Total will focus on treating around 2.5 million barrels of seawater per day and focusing these efforts on boosting output from Ratawi, and the Zubair, West Qurna 2, Majnoon, and Rumaila. This would appear to be an attempt by Total to gauge whether or not to take over the entire Common Seawater Supply Project (CSSP).