據(jù)國(guó)際能源機(jī)構(gòu)（IEA）7月22日消息稱(chēng)，2022年第一季度與2021第一季度相比，美國(guó)53家勘探和生產(chǎn)公司均報(bào)告了收入、原材料和勞動(dòng)力成本增加。

IEA的分析基于53家公開(kāi)上市石油公司的財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告，這些公司在美國(guó)生產(chǎn)大部分原油。因此，這個(gè)觀察結(jié)果并不代表整個(gè)行業(yè)，因?yàn)榉治霾话ú话l(fā)布財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告的私營(yíng)公司。2022年第一季度，這53家上市公司在美國(guó)的原油總產(chǎn)量為每天390萬(wàn)桶，約占該季度美國(guó)原油總產(chǎn)量的34%。

2022年第一季度，西得克薩斯中質(zhì)原油（WTI）平均價(jià)格為每桶95.18美元，比2021第一季度上漲64%，比2021第四季度上漲23%。2022年第一季度，這些公司的經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的現(xiàn)金總額為257億美元，比2021第一季度高86%，比2021第四季度低9%。盡管收入增加（應(yīng)收賬款增加了88億美元，增幅異常之高），但客戶(hù)尚未支付的交付貨物的到期余額導(dǎo)致季度經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的現(xiàn)金減少。

2022年第一季度，這些公司的資本支出同比增長(zhǎng)近一倍，達(dá)到146億美元。這些公司報(bào)告稱(chēng)，2022年第二季度的資本支出比第一季度下降了5%。與2021第四季度相比，原油產(chǎn)量保持平穩(wěn)，盡管比去年第一季度高出10%。與大流行前水平相比，2022年第一季度的產(chǎn)量比2020年第一季度低10%。

盡管原油價(jià)格上漲增加了2022年第一季度的收入，但供應(yīng)鏈問(wèn)題和對(duì)沖造成的財(cái)務(wù)損失導(dǎo)致成本增加。今年第一季度，銷(xiāo)售商品成本、運(yùn)營(yíng)費(fèi)用和生產(chǎn)稅等生產(chǎn)費(fèi)用總計(jì)為每桶油當(dāng)量28.06美元，比疫情前的平均水平高出59%，是過(guò)去五年任何一個(gè)季度的最高水平。銷(xiāo)售商品成本（包括直接用于生產(chǎn)的材料和勞動(dòng)力成本）比疫情前的平均水平增加了一倍多。

梁金燕 摘譯自 國(guó)際能源署網(wǎng)站

原文如下：

Public U.S. oil producers saw higher revenues and higher operational costs during Q1 2022

In the first quarter of 2022, 53 U.S. exploration and production companies reported both higher revenues and higher material and labor costs compared with the first quarter of 2021.

We base our analysis on the published financial reports of 53 publicly traded oil companies that produce a majority of their crude oil in the United States. As a result, our observations do not represent the sector as a whole because the analysis does not include private companies that do not publish financial reports. In the first quarter of 2022, these 53 publicly traded companies collectively produced 3.9 million barrels per day (b/d) of crude oil in the United States, or about 34% of all U.S. crude oil produced in the quarter.

The West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil price averaged $95.18 per barrel (b) during the first quarter of 2022, up 64% from the first quarter of 2021 and up 23% from the fourth quarter of 2021. Cash from operations for these companies totaled $25.7 billion during the first quarter of 2022, which was 86% more than in the first quarter of 2021 and 9% less than in the fourth quarter of 2021. Despite higher revenues (an unusually high $8.8 billion increase in accounts receivable), the balance due for delivered goods not yet paid for by customers contributed to the quarterly decrease in cash from operations.

Capital expenditures by these companies nearly doubled year over year to reach $14.6 billion during the first quarter of 2022. These companies reported a 5% decline in capital expenditures in second-quarter 2022 compared with the first quarter. Production of crude oil remained flat compared with the fourth quarter of 2021, although it was 10% higher than in the first quarter of last year. Compared with pre-pandemic levels, production in the first quarter of 2022 was 10% less than in the first quarter of 2020.

Although rising crude oil prices increased revenues during the first quarter of 2022, supply chain issues and financial losses from hedging contributed to increased costs. Production expenses, such as the cost of goods sold, operating expenses, and production taxes, totaled $28.06 per barrel of oil equivalent in the first quarter of this year, 59% more than the pre-pandemic average and the highest for any quarter during the past five years. Cost of goods sold, which includes the cost of materials and labor directly used in production, have more than doubled from the pre-pandemic average.