據(jù)今日油價(jià)網(wǎng)站1月7日消息 美能源信息管理局（EIA）周五在一份分析報(bào)告中表示，2021美國燃料價(jià)格上漲，尤其是天然氣價(jià)格的上漲，帶動(dòng)了所有地區(qū)的批發(fā)電價(jià)上漲。

在美國所有主要貿(mào)易中心2021年的平均批發(fā)價(jià)格均高于2020年，主要因用于發(fā)電的燃料成本上升。天然氣占美國發(fā)電量的最大份額，占2020年發(fā)電燃料的40%。

EIA表示：“天然氣的成本是電價(jià)的一個(gè)重要驅(qū)動(dòng)因素，因?yàn)樗ǔＪ沁\(yùn)營商派遣來供電的發(fā)電機(jī)組的邊際（最高成本）燃料?！?/p>

除了2021年的天然氣價(jià)格普遍高于2020年，得克薩斯2021年2月的寒潮也導(dǎo)致了一些地區(qū)在冬季暴風(fēng)雨期間和之后的批發(fā)電價(jià)飆升。

在2021年之前，由于供應(yīng)充足，美國天然氣價(jià)格相對(duì)較低。2020年，交付給發(fā)電機(jī)的天然氣成本平均為2.40美元/百萬英熱單位。但在2021年，需求上升導(dǎo)致天然氣價(jià)格上漲，天然氣發(fā)電的成本從2021年1月的3.19美元/百萬英熱單位升至2021年季度的5.04美元/百萬英熱單位。

由于天然氣價(jià)格居高不下，2021年各地區(qū)的批發(fā)電價(jià)都有所上漲。

例如，2021年年中的平均電價(jià)在伊利諾斯中部的ISO市場平均為45美元/兆瓦時(shí)，比2020下半年大幅上漲97%。加利福尼亞CAISO SP15樞紐的平均電價(jià)在2021下半年為61美元/兆瓦時(shí)，同比增長37%。

王磊 摘譯自 今日油價(jià)

原文如下：

Higher Natural Gas Prices Push Up U.S. Wholesale Electricity Prices

Rising fuel costs, especially those of natural gas, drove up wholesale electricity prices in all U.S. regions in 2021, the Energy Information Administration (EIA) said in an analysis on Friday.

Average wholesale prices for electricity at all major trading hubs in the United States were higher in 2021 than in 2020 as a result of the rising costs of the fuels used for power generation. Natural gas accounts for the single largest share of U.S. electricity generation and represented 40 percent of the fuel used for power in 2020.

“The cost of natural gas is a significant driver of electricity prices because it often acts as the marginal (highest cost) fuel of generating units that operators dispatch to supply electricity,” the EIA said. 

Apart from generally higher natural gas prices in 2021 compared to 2020, the Texas Freeze in February 2021 also led to spikes in regional wholesale electricity prices in several regions during and after the winter storm.

Before 2021, U.S. natural gas prices were relatively low thanks to abundant supply. The cost of natural gas delivered to electric generators averaged $2.40 per million British thermal units (MMBtu) in 2020. But in 2021, rising demand amid a muted supply response led to higher natural gas prices and the delivered cost of natural gas to electricity generators jumped from $3.19/MMBtu in January 2021 to an estimated $5.04/MMBtu in the fourth quarter of 2021, the EIA said.

Due to the high natural gas prices, all regions saw higher wholesale electricity prices in 2021. 

For example, average electricity prices during the second half of 2021 averaged $45/MWh at the Illinois hub in the Midcontinent ISO market, up by a massive 97 percent from the second half of 2020. Average electricity prices at the SP15 hub in the California CAISO market was $61/MWh in the second half of 2021, up by 37 percent compared to the same period of 2020, the EIA has estimated.

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