據(jù)油價(jià)網(wǎng)2021年4月29日休斯敦報(bào)道，美國(guó)能源信息署(EIA)的《本周石油》報(bào)告顯示，歐佩克+減產(chǎn)、石油總需求下降以及對(duì)外國(guó)輕質(zhì)原油需求下降，導(dǎo)致去年美國(guó)從歐佩克進(jìn)口原油的年進(jìn)口量創(chuàng)下了1973年以來的最低水平。
據(jù)EIA估計(jì)，去年美國(guó)從歐佩克產(chǎn)油國(guó)的原油日均進(jìn)口量?jī)H為81.6萬桶。歐佩克+減產(chǎn)以及沙特阿拉伯有意減少對(duì)最透明的市場(chǎng)美國(guó)的原油出口，是去年美國(guó)從歐佩克進(jìn)口原油創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄低位的原因之一。
另一個(gè)關(guān)鍵原因是，近年來美國(guó)原油產(chǎn)量的激增——使美國(guó)成為世界最大的原油生產(chǎn)國(guó)——主要是輕質(zhì)和中質(zhì)原油，因此自2005年以來，歐佩克或世界其他地方對(duì)輕質(zhì)和中質(zhì)原油的需求大幅下降。
EIA數(shù)據(jù)顯示，盡管從歐佩克進(jìn)口的原油觸及歷史最低水平，但美國(guó)對(duì)加拿大重質(zhì)原油的購(gòu)買卻在增長(zhǎng)，并繼續(xù)保持高位。
盡管美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)原油產(chǎn)量飆升，但美國(guó)從非歐佩克成員國(guó)，尤其是加拿大的原油進(jìn)口量仍相對(duì)較高，因?yàn)榧幽么蟮脑头N類豐富，而美國(guó)的頁(yè)巖油產(chǎn)區(qū)并不生產(chǎn)重質(zhì)原油。
從2005年到2020年，美國(guó)從加拿大進(jìn)口的原油平均增加了一倍多，達(dá)到360萬桶/天。
EIA稱，因此，加拿大在美國(guó)原油進(jìn)口總額中所占份額增加，去年達(dá)到61%的創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄高位。
EIA稱，“美國(guó)從加拿大進(jìn)口原油相對(duì)穩(wěn)定，主要是加拿大原油生產(chǎn)和煉油經(jīng)濟(jì)的長(zhǎng)期趨勢(shì)所致。”
根據(jù)EIA的數(shù)據(jù)，自2005年達(dá)到峰值以來，美國(guó)原油進(jìn)口總量已經(jīng)下降了42%，2020年的平均進(jìn)口量為590萬桶/天，為1991年以來的最低水平。
李峻 編譯自 油價(jià)網(wǎng)
原文如下：
U.S. Oil imports From OPEC Plunge To Lowest Since 1973
The OPEC+ production cuts, lower overall oil demand, and declining demand for foreign-sourced lighter crudes resulted in 2020 in the lowest annual American crude oil imports from OPEC in data going back to 1973, the Energy Information Administration’s ‘This Week in Petroleum’ note showed.
Last year, U.S. crude oil imports from OPEC producers averaged just 816,000 barrels per day (bpd), the EIA has estimated. The OPEC+ production cuts and the deliberate efforts from Saudi Arabia to reduce shipments to the most transparent market, the United States, played a role in last year’s record-low American oil imports from OPEC.
The other key reason was that the surging U.S. oil production in recent years—which made America the world’s top oil producer—was mostly of light and medium grades, so demand for such grades from OPEC or elsewhere in the world has significantly dropped since 2005.
While oil imports from OPEC hit the lowest on record, U.S. purchases of Canada’s heavy crude have grown and continue to remain high, the EIA data showed.
American imports from non-OPEC members, especially from Canada, have remained relatively high despite soaring domestic oil output, because of the heavy variety of Canada’s oil which the U.S. shale patch doesn’t produce.
Between 2005 and 2020, U.S. crude oil imports from Canada more than doubled to an average of 3.6 million bpd. As a result, Canada’s share of total U.S. crude oil imports increased and reached a record-high share of 61 percent last year, the EIA said.
“The comparatively stable U.S. crude oil imports from Canada are mostly the result of longer-term trends in Canada’s crude oil production and refining economics,” the EIA said.
Total American crude oil imports have dropped by 42 percent since their peak in 2005, and averaged 5.9 million bpd in 2020, the lowest level since 1991, according to EIA’s data.
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