據(jù)鉆機(jī)地帶6月7日?qǐng)?bào)道，美國(guó)能源部周一發(fā)布了擴(kuò)大清潔氫產(chǎn)業(yè)的國(guó)家路線圖，目標(biāo)是到2030年將產(chǎn)量增加到每年1000萬(wàn)噸。

美國(guó)能源部周一在一份新聞稿中表示，為了幫助這個(gè)世界上最大的經(jīng)濟(jì)體在2035年前實(shí)現(xiàn)電網(wǎng)無(wú)二氧化碳排放，國(guó)家清潔氫戰(zhàn)略和規(guī)劃旨在加快“清潔氫的生產(chǎn)、加工、交付、儲(chǔ)存和使用”。

該規(guī)劃由《兩黨基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施法》授權(quán)，該法律規(guī)定使用2022—2026年的80億美元資金用于建立區(qū)域清潔氫中心，即2021年11月通過(guò)的立法中所述的“清潔氫生產(chǎn)商、潛在清潔氫消費(fèi)者和鄰近的連接基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施”網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

到2040年，該規(guī)劃的目標(biāo)是每年生產(chǎn)2000萬(wàn)噸清潔氫，到2050年達(dá)到5000萬(wàn)噸。

美國(guó)能源部于2019年10月1日發(fā)布的最新政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)顯示，美國(guó)的氫氣產(chǎn)量為每年1000萬(wàn)噸。根據(jù)國(guó)際能源署2022年氫市場(chǎng)報(bào)告，2021年全球氫產(chǎn)量為9400萬(wàn)噸。

降低成本

國(guó)家規(guī)劃的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵組成部分是降低清潔氫的成本，目標(biāo)是到2030年實(shí)現(xiàn)每公斤1美元。根據(jù)規(guī)劃，美國(guó)能源部支持生產(chǎn)清潔氫的不同方法，從這個(gè)角度來(lái)看，除了電解和使用生物質(zhì)和廢物原料外，還包括通過(guò)化石燃料生產(chǎn)，其排放被碳捕獲和儲(chǔ)存（CCS）抵消。該文件概述了通過(guò)這些手段可以降低成本的生產(chǎn)組成部分。

該規(guī)劃認(rèn)為“降低成本不僅限于氫氣生產(chǎn)”。

各機(jī)構(gòu)將繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)各項(xiàng)措施，以降低整個(gè)價(jià)值鏈上所有關(guān)鍵技術(shù)的成本，包括減少供應(yīng)鏈的脆弱性和促進(jìn)國(guó)內(nèi)制造業(yè)。

該文件補(bǔ)充提出，法規(guī)中的電解槽和清潔氫制造和回收條款(五年內(nèi)15億美元)將與年度撥款一起用于解決這一問(wèn)題。

電解槽和其他氫技術(shù)的制造商也有資格獲得“合格先進(jìn)能源項(xiàng)目”的資助，其中包括回收能源的設(shè)施或提供降低地球變暖排放的服務(wù)。根據(jù)美國(guó)國(guó)稅局5月31日的通知，在《兩黨基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施法》規(guī)定的2022—2026年7.5億美元資金中，財(cái)政部和美國(guó)國(guó)稅局預(yù)計(jì)將首輪撥款40億美元，首輪撥款將于2024年3月結(jié)束。

當(dāng)前項(xiàng)目

路線圖稱，截至2022年，美國(guó)公開宣布的清潔氫生產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目的潛在產(chǎn)能總計(jì)為每年1200萬(wàn)噸。

美國(guó)能源部在2022年宣布為其所稱世界上最大的清潔儲(chǔ)氫設(shè)施提供5.044億美元的貸款。由三菱電力美洲公司、Magnum Development和Haddington Ventures共同擁有的猶他州項(xiàng)目將為840兆瓦的山間電力項(xiàng)目供電，該項(xiàng)目預(yù)計(jì)將于2025年啟動(dòng)。

在路易斯安那州，空氣產(chǎn)品和化學(xué)公司正在建設(shè)一個(gè)能源綜合體，可以生產(chǎn)超過(guò)7.5億標(biāo)準(zhǔn)立方英尺的藍(lán)氫，或使用天然氣生產(chǎn)的氫，其排放被CCS抵消。該公司表示，該綜合設(shè)施預(yù)計(jì)將于2026年投入使用，是全球最大的永久性碳捕獲工廠。

該規(guī)劃認(rèn)為美國(guó)幾個(gè)州和地區(qū)正在積極推行清潔氫項(xiàng)目，從生產(chǎn)到最終使用，新項(xiàng)目宣布的步伐正在加快。

但報(bào)告指出，許多企業(yè)尚未做出最終投資決定。

該文件認(rèn)為“獲得長(zhǎng)期、信譽(yù)良好的承購(gòu)合同，將有助于確保大量已宣布的生產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目達(dá)到最終投資決策要求”。

壽琳玲 編譯自 鉆機(jī)地帶 網(wǎng)站

原文如下：

USA Aims to Raise Clean Hydrogen Output to 10 MMT Yearly

The USA Department of Energy (DOE) released Monday the national roadmap for expanding the clean hydrogen industry, targeting to increase production to 10 million metric tons (MMT) annually by 2030.

To help the world’s biggest economy make its grid carbon dioxide-free by 2035, the National Clean Hydrogen Strategy and Roadmap seeks to fasttrack the “the production, processing, delivery, storage, and use of clean hydrogen”, the DOE said in a press release Monday.

The roadmap is mandated by the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, which has set a 2022-26 funding of $8 billion for the establishment of so-called regional clean hydrogen hubs, or networks “of clean hydrogen producers, potential clean hydrogen consumers, and connective infrastructure located in close proximity”, as stated in the legislation passed November 2021.

“This roadmap will align the private and public sectors on a shared path to drive faster toward a cleaner, more secure energy future”, Assistant to the President and National Climate Advisor Ali Zaidi said in the announcement.

By 2040 the roadmap eyes clean hydrogen production of 20 MMT yearly, and 50 MMT by 2050.

The latest government data, published October 1, 2019 by the DOE, put USA hydrogen output at 10 MMT a year.  Global hydrogen production was 94 MMT in 2021, according to the International Energy Agency’s 2022 report for the hydrogen market.

Cost Reduction

A key component of the roadmap is the reduction of the cost of clean hydrogen, with a target of $1 per kilogram by 2030.  The DOE under the roadmap supports different ways to produce clean hydrogen, which in its perspective include production through fossil fuels whose emissions are offset by carbon capture and storage (CCS), besides electrolysis and the use of biomass and waste feedstocks.  The document outlines components of production through these means where costs could be lowered.

The roadmap acknowledges, “Cost reduction is not limited to hydrogen production alone”.

“Agencies will continue to strengthen their activities to reduce the cost of all key technologies across the value chain, including reducing supply chain vulnerabilities and boosting domestic manufacturing”, it says.

“The BIL [Bipartisan Infrastructure Law] electrolyzer and clean hydrogen manufacturing and recycling provisions ($1.5 billion over five years) will be used, along with annual appropriations, to address this strategy”, the document adds.

Makers of electrolyzers and other hydrogen technologies also qualify for grants for so-called qualifying advanced energy projects, which include facilities that recycle energy or offer services to lower planet-warming emissions.  Out of $750 million spelled out in the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law for this funding for 2022-26, the treasury and the Internal Revenue Service expect to allot up to $4 billion in the first round, which is to be concluded March 2024, according to an IRS notice May 31.

Current Projects

Publicly announced projects to manufacture clean hydrogen in the USA as of 2022 totaled 12 MMT a year in potential capacity, the roadmap says.

The DOE announced 2022 $504.4 million in loan for what it calls the world’s biggest clean hydrogen storage facility. The Utah state project owned by Mitsubishi Power Americas Inc., Magnum Development and Haddington Ventures will power the 840-megawatt Intermountain Power Project, expected to start up 2025.

In Louisiana state Air Products and Chemicals Inc. is building an energy complex that can produce over 750 million standard cubic feet of blue hydrogen, or hydrogen produced using natural gas whose emissions are canceled by CCS. The company says the complex, projected to go onstream 2026, is the globe’s largest carbon capture plant for permanent sequestration.

“Several states and regions across the Nation are actively pursuing clean hydrogen projects, ranging from production through end-use”, the roadmap says. “The pace of new project announcements is accelerating”.

But many have yet to make final investment decisions, it notes.

“Securing long-term, credit-worthy offtake contracts will help ensure the significant pipeline of production announcements reaches final investment decision”, the document says.