據阿拉伯貿易網2022年6月27日巴黎報道，根據國際能源署（IEA）發表的一份新報告，今年全球能源投資將大幅增長8%，達到2.4萬億美元，預計增加的主要是清潔能源投資。 

IEA在其題為《2022年世界能源投資報告》中指出，今年全球能源投資增長幅度仍遠遠不足以應對當今能源危機的多個層面，但它將為實現更清潔、更安全的能源未來鋪平道路。

報告稱，今年全球能源投資增長最快的部門是電力部門——主要是可再生電力和電網的投資——以及能源效率。 然而，清潔能源支出的增長并不是平均分布的，主要集中在發達經濟體和亞洲大國。 在一些市場，對能源安全的擔憂和價格高企正促使人們加大對化石燃料供應的投資，尤其是對煤炭的投資。 

IEA署長比羅爾日前說：“我們不能忽視今天的全球能源危機或氣候危機，但好消息是，我們不需要在兩者之間做出選擇，我們可以同時解決這兩者。”“加速清潔能源轉型的大規模投資是唯一持久的解決方案。這類投資正在增加，但我們需要更快地增加，以緩解化石燃料高價格給消費者帶來的壓力，讓我們的能源系統更安全，讓世界走上正軌，實現我們的氣候目標。”

在2015年簽署《巴黎協定》以后的五年中，全球清潔能源投資僅以每年2%的速度增長。但自2020年以來，增速明顯加快至12%。各國政府的財政支持和可持續金融的興起一直支撐著支出，尤其是在發達經濟體。可再生電力、電網和儲能目前占電力行業總投資的80%以上。目前，在太陽能光伏、電池和電動汽車上的支出正以與2050年前實現全球凈零排放目標一致的速度增長。 

不過，供應鏈緊張也是能源投資增長的一個重要原因。在支出的整體增長中，近一半反映了從勞動力、服務到水泥、鋼鐵和關鍵礦產等材料的成本上升。這些挑戰阻礙了一些能源公司加快支出速度。

從一個較低的基礎開始，對一些新興技術的投資正在快速增長，特別是電池、低排放氫氣以及碳捕獲利用和儲存。 預計今年全球電池儲能方面的投資將增加一倍多，達到近200億美元。 

然而，盡管有一些亮點，比如印度的太陽能，但新興和發展中經濟體的清潔能源支出仍停留在2015年的水平，自《巴黎協定》達成以來沒有增加。支持可持續復蘇的公共資金稀缺，政策框架往往薄弱，經濟陰云密布，借貸成本上升。所有這些都削弱了資本密集型清潔技術的經濟吸引力。需要做的還有很多，包括國際發展機構在內，以提高這些投資水平，彌合能源轉型投資步伐上不斷擴大的地區差異。  

總的來說，目前的油氣支出夾在兩種未來愿景之間：一是對于將全球氣候變暖控制在1.5°C的路徑來說，這一支出太高了，而在政府堅持當前的政策設置、未能兌現其氣候承諾的情況下，這一支出又不足以滿足全球不斷增長的能源需求。  

今天的化石燃料高價格給全球許多經濟體帶來了痛苦，但也給石油和天然氣生產商帶來了前所未有的意外之財。今年，全球石油和天然氣行業收入預計將躍升至4萬億美元，是5年平均水平的兩倍多，其中大部分將流向主要的石油和天然氣出口國。

這些意外之財為油氣生產經濟體提供了一個千載難逢的機會，為他們急需的經濟轉型提供了資金，也為主要的油氣公司提供了更多的投資多樣化的機會。

石油和天然氣公司在清潔能源上的支出占比正在緩慢上升，其增長主要是由歐洲石油巨頭和少數其他公司推動的。總體而言，清潔能源投資占全球油氣公司資本支出的5%左右，高于2019年的1%。 

李峻 編譯自 阿拉伯貿易網

原文如下：

Energy spend to surge 8% to hit $2.4trn in 2022: IEA

Global energy investment is set to increase by 8% in 2022 to reach $2.4 trillion, with the anticipated rise coming mainly in clean energy, according to a new report by the International Energy Agency (IEA).

The growth investment is still far from enough to tackle the multiple dimensions of today’s energy crisis and pave the way towards a cleaner and more secure energy future, the IEA’s World Energy Investment 2022 report noted.

The fastest growth in energy investment is coming from the power sector – mainly in renewables and grids – and from energy efficiency, according to the report. The rise in clean energy spending is not evenly spread, however, with most of it taking place in advanced economies and the biggest country in Asia. And in some markets, energy security concerns and high prices are prompting higher investment in fossil fuel supplies, most notably on coal.

“We cannot afford to ignore either today’s global energy crisis or the climate crisis, but the good news is that we do not need to choose between them – we can tackle both at the same time,” said IEA Executive Director Fatih Birol. “A massive surge in investment to accelerate clean energy transitions is the only lasting solution. This kind of investment is rising, but we need a much faster increase to ease the pressure on consumers from high fossil fuel prices, make our energy systems more secure, and get the world on track to reach our climate goals.”

Clean energy investment grew by only 2% a year in the five years after the Paris Agreement was signed in 2015. But since 2020, the pace of growth has accelerated significantly to 12%. Spending has been underpinned by fiscal support from governments and aided by the rise of sustainable finance, especially in advanced economies. Renewables, grids and storage now account for more than 80% of total power sector investment. Spending on solar PV, batteries and electric vehicles is now growing at rates consistent with reaching global net zero emissions by 2050.

Tight supply chains are also playing a large part in the headline rise in investment, though. Almost half of the overall increase in spending is a reflection of higher costs, from labour and services to materials such as cement, steel and critical minerals. These challenges are deterring some energy companies from picking up their spending more quickly.

From a low base, there is rapid growth underway in spending on some emerging technologies, notably batteries, low emissions hydrogen, and carbon capture utilisation and storage. Investment in battery energy storage is expected to more than double to reach almost $20 billion in 2022.

However, despite some bright spots, such as solar in India, clean energy spending in emerging and developing economies (excluding China) remains stuck at 2015 levels, with no increase since the Paris Agreement was reached. Public funds to support sustainable recovery are scarce, policy frameworks are often weak, economic clouds are gathering, and borrowing costs are rising. All of this undercuts the economic attractiveness of capital-intensive clean technologies. Much more needs to be done, including by international development institutions, to boost these investment levels and bridge widening regional divergences in the pace of energy transition investment.

Another warning sign comes in the form of a 10% rise in investment in coal supply in 2021, led by emerging economies in Asia, with a similar increase likely in 2022. Although the biggest country in Asia has pledged to stop building coal-fired power plants abroad, a significant amount of new coal capacity is coming onto the Chinese domestic market.

Overall, today’s oil and gas spending is caught between two visions of the future: it is too high for a pathway aligned with limiting global warming to 1.5 °C but not enough to satisfy rising demand in a scenario where governments stick with today’s policy settings and fail to deliver on their climate pledges.

Today’s high fossil fuel prices are generating pain for many economies but are also generating an unprecedented windfall for oil and gas producers. Global oil and gas sector income is set to jump to $4 trillion in 2022, more than twice its five-year average, with the bulk of it going to major oil and gas exporting states.

These windfalls gains provide a once-in-a-generation opportunity for oil and gas producing economies to fund the much needed transformation of their economies, and for major oil and gas companies to do more to diversify their spending.

The share of spending by oil and gas companies on clean energy is rising slowly, with what progress there is driven mainly by the European majors and a handful of other companies. Overall, clean energy investment accounts for around 5% of oil and gas company capital expenditure worldwide, up from 1% in 2019.