據(jù)美國(guó)彭博新聞社2022年4月18日?qǐng)?bào)道，美國(guó)天然氣價(jià)格飆升至13年來(lái)高位，國(guó)內(nèi)強(qiáng)勁的需求考驗(yàn)著美國(guó)頁(yè)巖氣鉆井商擴(kuò)大供應(yīng)的能力。

紐約天然氣期貨價(jià)格4月18日一度上漲4.8%，至每百萬(wàn)英熱單位7.652美元，超過(guò)1月份的做空擠壓漲幅，比年初水平約翻了一倍。  

天然氣價(jià)格上一次達(dá)到如此高位是在2008年，當(dāng)時(shí)颶風(fēng)威脅著墨西哥灣的海上天然氣平臺(tái)，炎熱的夏季天氣推高了空調(diào)用電需求。 當(dāng)時(shí)，在歷史性的全球金融危機(jī)到來(lái)之前，更廣泛的經(jīng)濟(jì)前景變得黯淡，價(jià)格才開(kāi)始下跌。

今年天然氣價(jià)格上漲是由全球燃料短缺推動(dòng)的。全球燃料短缺正在波及各個(gè)市場(chǎng)，供應(yīng)商難以應(yīng)對(duì)疫情后的消費(fèi)激增，軍事沖突進(jìn)一步加劇了這一局面。 由于頁(yè)巖氣儲(chǔ)量豐富，美國(guó)天然氣價(jià)格一直遠(yuǎn)低于歐洲和亞洲，但這一折扣一直在縮小。

地下洞穴的備用天然氣庫(kù)存量低于往年同期的正常水平，產(chǎn)量持平。與此同時(shí)，美國(guó)正在出口所有可能的液化天然氣，以幫助歐洲減少對(duì)能源大國(guó)供應(yīng)的依賴(lài)。

據(jù)美國(guó)國(guó)家海洋和大氣管理局預(yù)測(cè)，從4月25日到5月1日，美國(guó)北部部分地區(qū)的氣溫將低于正常水平。這可能會(huì)增加對(duì)供熱和發(fā)電廠(chǎng)燃料的需求，導(dǎo)致通常在每年這個(gè)時(shí)候被儲(chǔ)存起來(lái)的供應(yīng)分流。 美國(guó)煤炭短缺也推動(dòng)了天然氣價(jià)格上漲，限制了發(fā)電企業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)換燃料的能力。

美國(guó)能源情報(bào)署(EIA)上周公布，截至4月8日當(dāng)周，美國(guó)天然氣庫(kù)存增加了150億立方英尺，但不到過(guò)去五年平均增幅的一半。 美國(guó)天然氣庫(kù)存仍比正常水平低18%。  

李峻 編譯自 美國(guó)彭博新聞社

原文如下：

USA Natural Gas Surges to 13 Year High

U.S. natural gas prices surged to a 13-year high as robust demand tests drillers’ ability to expand supplies.  

Futures rose as much as 4.8% to $7.652 per million British thermal units on Monday in New York, topping January’s short squeeze rally and roughly double levels from the start of the year.

The last time prices were this high was 2008, when hurricanes menaced offshore gas platforms in the Gulf of Mexico and searing summer weather stoked demand for power to run air conditioners. Back then, prices only began to drop when the broader economic outlook turned dark ahead of the historic worldwide financial crisis.

This year’s gas rally has been driven by a global fuel crunch that’s rippling across markets as suppliers struggle to meet a post-pandemic surge in consumption, further exacerbated by war. While U.S. gas prices have remained well below rates in Europe and Asia thanks to a bounty of shale fields, that discount has been shrinking.

Backup inventories held in underground caverns and aquifers are below normal for this time of year and production is holding flat. Meanwhile, the U.S. is exporting every molecule of liquefied natural gas possible to help Europe reduce its reliance on energy supplies.

Below-normal temperatures are forecast across parts of the northern U.S. from April 25 to May 1, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. That could increase demand for the heating and power-plant fuel, diverting supply that normally goes to storage during this time of year. A shortage of coal in the U.S. has also helped fuel the gas rally, limiting power generators’ ability to switch fuels. 

Inventories grew by 15 billion cubic feet in the week ended April 8, less than half the average gain for the period over the past five years, the Energy Information Administration said last week. Stockpiles remain almost 18% below usual levels.