據全球能源新聞網1月21日報道，疫情后經濟放緩的價格影響導致2020年美國石油和天然氣儲量減少。2020年，原油和伴生氣凝析油探明儲量減少了90億桶，下降19%，天然氣探明儲量減少22萬億立方英尺，下降4%。
要點：
? 截至2020年底，美國原油探明儲量和伴生氣凝析油探明儲量下降19%，從472億桶降至382億桶。2020年原油探明儲量減少84億桶，伴生氣凝析油探明儲量（產自天然氣井）減少了5.6 億桶。
? 2020年美國的原油和伴生氣凝析油產量下降了 7%。
?得克薩斯州是原油和伴生氣凝析油探明儲量最多的州，2020年探明儲量凈減少量最大(31億桶，降幅16%)。
?北達科他州凈減少量第二大(22億桶，降幅38%)，聯邦墨西哥灣凈減少量第三大(8億桶，降幅16%)。
?2020年，猶他州的原油和伴生氣凝析油探明儲量凈增長最大(9100萬桶，增幅為30%)。
天然氣要點
?天然氣探明儲量下降4%，從2019年底的495.4萬億立方英尺降至2020年底的473.3萬億立方英尺。
?這是美國天然氣探明儲量連續第二年下降。
?2020年，阿拉斯加的生產商增加了大量新探明的天然氣儲量。2020年，阿拉斯加已探明天然氣儲量總量增加了27萬億立方英尺，是該州總儲量的4倍，從9萬億立方英尺增加到36萬億立方英尺。
?得克薩斯州的生產商報告稱，2020年已探明天然氣儲量下降幅度最大(11萬億立方英尺，降幅9%)。賓夕法尼亞州的天然氣探明儲量下降幅度位居第二(9.6萬億立方英尺，降幅9%)。
1980年-1996年間，美國的天然氣和原油儲量穩步下降。1997年，隨著運營商引入定向鉆井和水力壓裂技術的創新，成功增加了頁巖地層天然氣的探明儲量和產量，天然氣儲量的下降趨勢逆轉。2008年，當運營商將定向鉆井和水力壓裂技術應用于致密油層(如Williston盆地的巴肯頁巖)時，原油產量的下降趨勢發生了逆轉。直到2015年，油氣行業的儲量和產量一直呈上升趨勢，但油氣行業的價格卻出現了大幅下跌，由于較低的價格無法支持運營商對資源開發的預測，因此已探明儲量被下調。從2016年到2018年，美國石油和天然氣價格和儲量均呈每年至少9%的上漲趨勢。2019年，這一儲量上升趨勢中斷，2020年，兩種燃料的探明儲量都出現了下降，與5年前2015年觀察到的下降情況類似。
郝芬 譯自 全球能源新聞網
原文如下：
US CRUDE OIL AND NATURAL GAS PROVED RESERVES DECLINED 19% AND 4% IN 2020
The price effects of the economic slowdown following the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to reductions in U.S. petroleum and natural gas reserves in 2020. Proved reserves of crude oil and lease condensate decreased by 9 billion barrels in 2020, a decline of 19%, and proved reserves of natural gas decreased by just over 22 trillion cubic feet (Tcf), a decline of 4%.
The COVID-19 pandemic had significant effects on the reserves we report in this paper. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization characterized the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic. Many states imposed mandatory lockdowns and issued stay-at-home orders, and in addition to travel restrictions, people also voluntarily chose not to travel to avoid exposure. Consequently, demand fell for transportation fuels, and fuel prices fell. Liquid fuel production also faced a critical shortage of available storage. Operators revised their proved reserves downward in 2020 and postponed developmental drilling.
Oil highlights
? Proved reserves of U.S. crude oil and lease condensate declined 19%, from 47.2 billion barrels to 38.2 billion barrels at the end of 2020. Proved reserves of crude oil decreased 8.4 billion barrels in 2020, and proved reserves of lease condensate (produced from natural gas wells) decreased by 560 million barrels.
? U.S. production of crude oil and lease condensate decreased by 7% in 2020 .
? Texas, the state with the largest volume of proved reserves of crude oil and lease condensate, had the largest net decrease in proved reserves in 2020 (3.1 billion barrels or 16%) .
? North Dakota had the second-largest net decrease (2.2 billion barrels or 38%), and the Federal Offshore Gulf of Mexico experienced the third-largest decline (0.8 billion barrels or 16%).
? The largest net increase in proved reserves of crude oil and lease condensate in 2020 was in Utah (91 million barrels or 30%).
Natural gas highlights
? Proved reserves of natural gas decreased 4%, from 495.4 Tcf at year-end 2019 to 473.3 Tcf at year-end 2020.
? This decrease was the second consecutive annual decrease in proved reserves of natural gas in the United States.
? Producers in Alaska added a substantial new volume of proved natural gas reserves in 2020. The annual total of proved natural gas reserves in Alaska increased in 2020 by 27 Tcf, quadrupling the state’s total from 9 Tcf to 36 Tcf.
? Producers in Texas reported the largest decrease in proved reserves of natural gas in 2020 (11 Tcf or 9%). Pennsylvania saw the second-largest decrease of natural gas proved reserves (9.6 Tcf or 9%).
Between 1980 and 1996, U.S. reserves of natural gas and crude oil experienced a steady decline (Figure 1). In 1997, the downward trend for natural gas reserves reversed as operators introduced innovations in directional drilling and hydraulic fracturing techniques that successfully increased proved reserves and production of natural gas from shale formations. In 2008, the downward trend for crude oil reversed when operators applied innovations in directional drilling and hydraulic fracturing to tight oil-bearing formations, such as the Bakken shale of the Williston Basin. The upward reserves and production trends continued until 2015, when the industry experienced a significant drop in prices of both oil and natural gas, and proved reserves were revised downward because the lower prices did not support operators’ projections of resource development. From 2016 to 2018, U.S. oil and natural gas prices and reserves both trended upward by at least 9% each year. In 2019, that trend of rising reserves was interrupted, and in 2020, proved reserves declined for both fuels, similar to the drop observed five years before in 2015.
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