據(jù)烴加工網(wǎng)站5月14日消息 美國(guó)2020年燃料乙醇日出口量為8.7萬(wàn)桶，這是美國(guó)燃料乙醇出口量連續(xù)第二年下降，也是2015年以來(lái)的最低水平。美國(guó)燃料乙醇進(jìn)口量在2020年也有所下降。2020年美國(guó)燃料乙醇出口量連續(xù)11年超過(guò)進(jìn)口量。

　　2020年，美國(guó)燃料乙醇的年出口量下降了9%。同時(shí)，出口目的地從2019年的44個(gè)增加到2020年的52個(gè)。盡管與2019年相比，巴西和加拿大減少了從美國(guó)進(jìn)口的燃料乙醇，但約40%的美國(guó)燃料乙醇出口到了這兩個(gè)國(guó)家。

　　世界第二大燃料乙醇生產(chǎn)國(guó)和消費(fèi)國(guó)巴西連續(xù)第二年大幅減少對(duì)美國(guó)燃料乙醇的進(jìn)口，2020年降至13000桶/天。巴西的乙醇消費(fèi)量較高，因?yàn)槠淙剂弦掖蓟旌闲枨竽壳岸?7%，而對(duì)含水乙醇（E100）的需求與傳統(tǒng)的汽油混合燃料競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。巴西主要用甘蔗生產(chǎn)燃料乙醇，因此，巴西在甘蔗收獲期（5-10月）生產(chǎn)大部分燃料乙醇。巴西從美國(guó)進(jìn)口的燃料乙醇通常在收獲季節(jié)之間達(dá)到峰值。

　　美國(guó)和巴西是燃料乙醇的貿(mào)易伙伴。美國(guó)在2020年將從巴西進(jìn)口的甘蔗燃料乙醇降至9000桶/天，比2019年的水平下降了4000桶/天。美國(guó)從巴西進(jìn)口的燃料乙醇都是通過(guò)加州進(jìn)入美國(guó)，因?yàn)楦鶕?jù)加州的低碳燃料標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（LCFS），與國(guó)內(nèi)玉米乙醇相比，這種燃料待遇優(yōu)惠。根據(jù)LCFS評(píng)分系統(tǒng)，巴西的甘蔗乙醇排放的二氧化碳比美國(guó)的玉米乙醇源少。

　　2020年，美國(guó)對(duì)巴西的燃料乙醇出口下降，主要原因是巴西的免關(guān)稅配額、巴西對(duì)降低燃料需求的COVID-19的反應(yīng)以及巴西里亞爾對(duì)美元的貶值帶來(lái)的不確定性。自2020年12月14日免關(guān)稅燃料乙醇配額到期以來(lái)，美國(guó)所有出口到巴西的燃料乙醇都將面臨20%的巴西關(guān)稅。近期這一變化可能會(huì)降低美國(guó)對(duì)巴西的燃料乙醇出口量。

　　加拿大在2020年超過(guò)巴西，成為美國(guó)燃料乙醇出口的首要目的地。過(guò)去幾年，加拿大燃料乙醇平均進(jìn)口量為21000桶/天，基本保持不變。2020年，美國(guó)燃料乙醇出口的第三大目的地是印度，其次是韓國(guó)和荷蘭。其余47個(gè)目的地的燃料乙醇出口量約占美國(guó)燃料乙醇出口量的三分之一。

　　吳恒磊 編譯自 烴加工

　　原文如下：

　　U.S. exports of fuel ethanol fell for the second consecutive year

　　The United States exported 87,000 barrels per day (b/d) of fuel ethanol in 2020, marking the second consecutive annual drop in U.S. fuel ethanol exports and the lowest level since 2015. U.S. fuel ethanol imports also decreased in 2020. In 2020, the United States exported more fuel ethanol than it imported for the 11th consecutive year.

　　Annual U.S. fuel ethanol exports fell by 9% in 2020. At the same time, the number of export destinations increased from 44 in 2019 to 52 in 2020. Approximately 40% of all U.S. fuel ethanol exports went to Brazil and Canada, although both countries decreased their imports of fuel ethanol from the United States compared with 2019.

　　Brazil, the world’s second-largest producer and consumer of fuel ethanol, decreased its imports of U.S. fuel ethanol significantly for the second consecutive year, dropping to 13,000 b/d in 2020. Ethanol consumption is high in Brazil because of its fuel ethanol blending requirement, which is currently set at 27%, and demand for hydrous ethanol (E100), which competes with traditional gasoline blends. Brazil primarily produces fuel ethanol from sugarcane. As a result, Brazil produces most of its fuel ethanol during the sugarcane harvest period (May through October). Brazil’s imports of U.S. fuel ethanol typically peak in between harvest seasons.

　　The United States and Brazil are trade partners for fuel ethanol. The United States decreased its sugarcane fuel ethanol imports from Brazil in 2020 to 9,000 b/d, down 4,000 b/d from its 2019 level. U.S. fuel ethanol imports from Brazil all entered the United States through California because of the fuel’s favorable treatment compared with domestic corn ethanol under California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS). According to the LCFS scoring system, Brazil’s sugarcane ethanol emits less carbon dioxide than U.S. corn ethanol sources.

　　U.S. exports of fuel ethanol to Brazil declined in 2020 mostly as a result of uncertainty related to Brazil’s tariff-free quota, Brazil's responses to COVID-19 that decreased fuel demand, and the depreciation of the Brazilian real against the U.S. dollar. All U.S. fuel ethanol exports to Brazil face a 20% Brazilian tariff since the tariff-free fuel ethanol quota expired on December 14, 2020. This recent change will likely lower U.S. fuel ethanol export volumes to Brazil in the near term.

　　Canada surpassed Brazil in 2020 to become the top destination for U.S. fuel ethanol exports. Canada’s average of 21,000 b/d of fuel ethanol imports has remained largely unchanged over the past few years. The third-largest destination in 2020 for U.S. fuel ethanol exports was India, followed by South Korea and the Netherlands. The remaining 47 destinations received approximately one-third of U.S. fuel ethanol exports.

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